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Brunei

• The earliest Sultans from Nasruddin to Omar Ali Saifuddin seems to be closely related to the Moslem Officiers of the Mogul Empire.

"This NASRUDDIN was apparently an officer of whom Rashiduddin speaks, and whom he calls governor (or perhaps commander) in Karajang . He describes him as having succeeded in that command to his father the Sayad Ajil of Bokhara, one of the best of Kublai's chief Ministers. Nasr-uddin retained his position in Yun-nan till his death, which Rashid, writing about 1300, says occurred five or six years before. His son Bayan, who also bore the grandfather's title of Sayad Ajil, was Minister of Finance under Kublai's successor; and another son, Hala, is also mentioned as one of the governors of the province of Fu-chau. (See Cathay, pp. 265, 268, and D'Ohsson, II. 507-508.)" Accounts from the travels of Marco Polo.

• Apparently, the national flag of Brunei has the yellow color, a color sign of the royalty of the Imperial Court of the Mogul Kublai Khan . I also notice that there is an artificial lake on the Capital-City ( Bandar Seri Brunei Darussalam)with a stone-structure of the imperial barge in the middle of the artificial lake, isn't it a coincidental resemblance to the imperial barges in China ? I wondered? In 1421 Admiral Cheng Ho sent out many huge sailing ships from China and even Malacca was under the influence of the Middle Kingdom (China).
• 1690 - 1705 Nasruddin
• 1705 - 1730 Kamaluddin (1st time)
• 1730 - 1745 Muhammad Alauddin
• 1745 - 1762 Kamaluddin (2nd time)
• 1762 - 1780 Omar Ali Saifuddin
• 1780 - 1792 Muhammad Tajuddin (1st time)
• 1792 - 1793 Muhammad Jamalul Alam
• 1793 - 1806 Muhammad Tajuddin (2nd time)
• 1806 - 1822 Muhammad Khanzul Alam
• 1822 Muhammad Alam
• 1822 - 1852 Omar Ali Saifuddin

• BRUNEI is a Sultanate, meaning it has a Sultan who is the monarch or King. the Country has a large pool of gas and oil under its land and stretching all the way into the South China sea and even sharing some of it with Sarawak. One can drive all the way from Bandar Seri Brunei Darussalam or the Capital all the way to Sarawak (Miri City) and enjoyed nice views of the small towns of Tutong, Seria and Kuala Beliat before entering West Malaysia. Plus the fact - gas or petrol is very cheap compared with Singapore! goto [[1]].

(Picture of the first old Sultan who was the

• "Pangeran Mumin" (later became Sultan of Brunei ? or was he a Regent?)
• Or a Shahbandar ?

Brunei is a sovereign Country, the State system is run by the King himself from the throne!

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goto see it [[2]] from A to Z

Contents 1 Ong Sum Ping 2 Temburong Map 3 Between two neighbours 4 Causeway

[edit] Ong Sum Ping

Huang Senping
traditional Chinese: 黃森屏
Pengiran Maharaja Lela of Brunei

Dusun washing their Baffalo..goto see Gook

He is better known by his Hokkien name Ong Sum Ping, which should be correctly romanised and pronounced as "Ng Som Ping" ("Ng" is pronounced ŋ), to Bruneians. The Hokkien name implies that Huang Senping was a native of Fujian, China. This also finds support in the account of Brunei in Chapter 211 of the official History of Ming. According to Wen Xiongfei 温雄飞 in the 《南洋华侨史》, Huang Senping came to Brunei in 1375 during the early years of China's Ming Dynasty. Huang Senping later married Princess Ratna Dewi, the daughter of Sultan Muhammad Shah of Brunei, and was conferred the nobility title of Pengiran Maharaja Lela and elected Chief of Kinabatangan or Raja of (Sabah-Kinabalu) . Oral traditions indicated that there was a Chinese settlement in present-day Kinabatangan, Sabah. "Kinabatangan" could mean "Chinese river". "Kina" (kee-na) is used by Kadazan Dusun which similar to "Cina" (chee-na) used by Malay which refer the Chinese. According to early account such as Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei (Genealogy of the Brunei Kings) which was first written from oral traditions during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Hassan (1582-1598) and subsequently copied and updated from time to time and also the Sejarah Melayu (written by Tun Seri Lanang in 1612), Huang Senping "succeeded his father-in-law. He was known as Sultan Ahmad and ruled Brunei". This version, however, contradicts later account engraved on the Batu Tarsilah (Genealogical Tablet of the Sultans of Brunei) written in 1807 that Sultan Ahmad was a brother of Sultan Muhammad Shah and he was not Huang Senping. The latter version is the accepted official history of Brunei. Chapter 211 of the official History of Ming recorded the following: "万历时，为王者闽人也。或言郑和使婆罗，有 闽人 从之，因留居其地，其后人竟据其国而王之。" (During the reign of Ming emperor Wanli 1573-1620, the King of Brunei was a Hokkien. Some said a Hokkien followed Admiral Zheng He to Brunei and stayed behind. His descendants later became the rulers of the country). This passage is an apparent reference to Huang Senping, the only Chinese in the Bruneian royal genealogy (although his arrival in Brunei predated Admiral Zheng He's first voyage by 30 years), and suggested that his descendants continued to rule the fiefdom of Kinabatangan up until the reign of Ming emperor Wanli 1573-1620.

According to an early 20th century Chinese trader Huang Zhuoru 黄卓如, he discovered the the tomb of Huang Senping located on a hill 1 li (about half km) from the Brunei capital at that time and there were Chinese inscriptions 黄总兵之墓 on the tombstone which meant 'Tomb of Commander Huang'. However, the present whereabouts of this tomb is unknown.

In 1947, a reef in the South China Sea was named 'Senping reef' 森屏礁 by the Government of the Republic of China in honour of Huang Senping . In Brunei capital Bandar Seri Begawan today, there is a street named after him, Jalan Ong Sum Ping, which is the only street in Brunei with a Chinese name.

Huang Senping has been repeatedly cited as one of the main subjects in the legend of Mount Kinabalu. The legend tells Huang Senping has been repeatedly cited as one of the main subjects in the legend of Mount Kinabalu. The legend tells of two Chinese princes or envoys of the Ming sent to capture a precious gemstone from the mountain which was being guarded by a dragon. http://shuku.net:8082/novels/history/msqztyz/ms323.html ..oversea Hokkien returning home to Fujian..

[edit] Temburong Map

陈牛農,文莱 <a href="http://www.maplandia.com/brunei/temburong/" title="satellite maps of Temburong"><img src="http://www.maplandia.com/images/icon.gif" width="88" height="31" border="0" alt="Temburong google satellite maps"/></a>

Notes:

(connected to the overland Lawas in (Sarawak) as one piece of land in the region of North Borneo -the older names of Borneo<浡 泥 国> or Po ni along with<文莱> Brunai - Brunei)

It is not uncommon (in those) for famous person to be setup Chinese colonies as a small kingdom related to the Ming dynasty in China, there was another along the coastal area in West Kalimantan too, the other side of Borneo Island under Dutch control, or even stories like those who established upland colonies in Sibu, Sarawak during the life and times so the first White Rajah Charles Brooke...hehehehe..take my notes2

In my younger days in Spore i personally witnessed the exodus of Hakka ppl from old Malaya...? There was a whole truck load of ppl from (Hakka) descent who came together as one united family (families) and lease/bought|take over a small area where they peacefully settled together (inter-marry with locals) and doing the business of manufacturing tou kee leaves (?) or dried Soya bean leaves\cake (for cooking)

[edit] Between two neighbours

..the first goodwill bridge between Miri Sarawak and Brunei..

..

Note : You can drive to Brunei from the town|city of Miri in less than 30 minutes when in the past before the bridge it takes hours..via ferries! (Price of ticket of crossing the bridge $20 ringgits)

[edit] Causeway

have heard of the The kingdom of Demak?